Đặc điểm thực vật và thành phần hóa học của cây Đơn răng cưa (Maesa indica (Roxb.) Sweet)

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the botanical characteristics, perform qualitative analysis of the main chemical groups, and quantitatively determine the total saponin content in Maesa indica (Đơn răng cưa) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

Subjects and methods: Maesa indica samples were collected from Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam. The plant material was examined for morphological features, microscopic (anatomical) characteristics, and subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. Optimal extraction conditions of the leaves were investigated using magnetic stirring extraction. Total saponin content was quantified as diosgenin equivalents employing UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The analytical method was validated according to AOAC (2019) guidelines and validated method was then applied to determine the total saponin content in the aerial parts of Maesa indica.

Results: The morphological characteristics, microscopic features, and preliminary chemical composition of the aerial parts of Maesa indica were documented. The optimal extraction process was established as follows: 90% ethanol as solvent, drug-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), extraction time of 180 minutes, and magnetic stirring speed at level 3. The total saponin content in the leaves ranged from 0,4935 ± 0,0018% (calculated as diosgenin).

Conclusion: This study provides scientific data on the botanical characteristics of Maesa indica, contributing to the identification and standardization of the medicinal material. The optimized leaf extraction procedure lays a foundation for further pharmaceutical application research.